Blog posts

For our blog, we need to have a "blog post page" that displays a given blog post. We want this page to be static and generated for each of our posts.

Static page with data fetching

Before anything, we need a list of posts to render. As a starting we will use an array of posts, and to simplify things further we will write this array directly in our page file pages/posts.ts.

pages/posts.ts

type Post = { 
    slug: string; 
    title: string; 
    content: string;
}

const POSTS: Post[] = [
    {
        slug: "hello-world",
        title: "Hello world",
        content: "<p>This is my first post ever</p>"
    },
    {
        slug: "second-post",
        title: "Second post",
        content: "<p>And a second post !</p>"
    },
]

Now we need to define the pattern of URLs generated from the page. We would like URLs like /post/hello-world and /post/second-post for our posts. To do so, we will use the route /post/:slug :

pages/posts.ts

...

const POSTS: Post[] = [
    ...
]

export const route = '/post/:slug';

To generate an html page for each post, Frugal needs you to define a getPaths method (called at build time) that will return the list of all possible "path objects". With a route /post/:slug, the path object will have the shape { slug: string }. The getPaths method has to return the list of each slug:

pages/posts.ts

import { PathList } from "https://deno.land/x/frugal@0.9.6/mod.ts"

...

export const route = '/post/:slug';

export function getPaths(): PathList<typeof route> {
    return POSTS.map((post) => ({ slug: post.slug }))
}

Tip

The PathList type will infer the shape of the path objects from the route for you. That's why you need the PathList<typeof route> type.

We simply have to map over an array, but any asynchronous operations can happen here: reading from a file or a database, calling an API, etc...

Then, we define the data fetching method generate. This method is called at build time, and this is where - given the URL parameters - we query any data needed to build the page :

pages/posts.ts

import { 
    DataResponse, 
    PathList, 
    StaticHandlerContext 
} from "https://deno.land/x/frugal@0.9.6/mod.ts"

...

export function getPaths(): PathList<typeof route> {
    return POSTS.map((post) => ({ slug: post.slug }))
}

export function generate({ path: { slug } }: StaticHandlerContext<typeof route>) {
    return new DataResponse<Post>(POSTS.find(post => post.slug === slug))
}

Here we search an array, but again any asynchronous operations can happen here.

The consolidated data that was fetched (here a single Post matching the given slug) is returned in a DataResponse object.

Finally, we define a render method that will output HTML markup for a given data object :

pages/posts.ts

import { 
    DataResponse, 
    PathList, 
    StaticHandlerContext,
    RenderContext 
} from "https://deno.land/x/frugal@0.9.6/mod.ts"

...

export function generate({ path: { slug } }: StaticHandlerContext<typeof route>) {
    return new DataResponse<Post>(POSTS.find(post => post.slug === slug))
}

export function render({ data }: RenderContext<typeof route, Post> ) {
    return `<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <body>
        <h1>${data.title}</h1>
        ${data.content}
    </body>
</html>`
}

Now that our page is complete, we can add it to the pages list in the frugal.config.ts module :

frugal.config.ts

import { Config } from "https://deno.land/x/frugal@0.9.6/mod.ts"

export default {
    self: import.meta.url,
    pages: ['pages/home.ts', 'pages/posts.ts']
} satisfies Config;

Here is the whole file pages/posts.ts after we are done :

pages/posts.ts

import { 
    DataResponse, 
    PathList, 
    StaticHandlerContext, 
    RenderContext 
} from "https://deno.land/x/frugal@0.9.6/mod.ts"

export const route = '/post/:slug'

type Post = { 
    slug:string; 
    title: string; 
    content: string;
}

const POSTS: Post[] = [
    {
        slug: "hello-world",
        title: "Hello world",
        content: "<p>This is my first post ever</p>"
    },
    {
        slug: "second-post",
        title: "Second post",
        content: "<p>And a second post !</p>"
    },
]

export function getPaths(): PathList<typeof route> {
    return POSTS.map((post) => ({ slug: post.slug }))
}

export function generate({ path: { slug } }: StaticHandlerContext<typeof route>) {
    return new DataResponse<Post>(POSTS.find(post => post.slug === slug))
}

export function render({ data }: RenderContext<typeof route, Post> ) {
    return `<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <body>
        <h1>${data.title}</h1>
        ${data.content}
    </body>
</html>`
}

Info

The is the general shape of a static page: a route string and three methods getPaths, generate, and render.

But as you saw earlier with the pages/home.ts page, getPaths and generate are optional if you don't need them :

You don't need getPaths for a page with a single path, .
You don't need generate for a page without any data fetching.

However, you must always define a route and a render method.

External data

Having the POSTS array keeps everything simple, but mixing code and data's not a good practice; we'd have to update the page code each time we want to add a post.

Instead, we could have an posts.json file containing all our posts. Adding a post would simply means adding a new entry to the posts.json. No code modification needed.

To do so, we create a pages/posts.json file :

pages/posts.json

[
    {
        "slug": "hello-world",
        "title": "Hello world",
        "content": "<p>This is my first post ever</p>"
    },
    {
        "slug": "second-post",
        "title": "Second post",
        "content": "<p>And a second post !</p>"
    }
]

We can remove our POSTS array. Instead of reading from the array, we will read from the posts.json file.

Now we have to rewrite the getPaths and generate methods. Let's start with getPaths. We have to load the posts.json file and iterate over each post:

pages/posts.ts

import { 
    DataResponse, 
    GetPathsParams,
    PathList, 
    StaticHandlerContext, 
    RenderContext
} from "https://deno.land/x/frugal@0.9.6/mod.ts"

...

export async function getPaths({ resolve }: GetPathsParams): Promise<PathList<typeof route>> {
    const postsAbsolutePath = resolve('pages/posts.json')
    const postsText = await Deno.readTextFile(postsAbsolutePath)
    const posts: Post[] = JSON.parse(postsText)

    return posts.map(post => ({ slug: post.slug }));
}

...

Info

The call to the resolve method is necessary because Frugal will compile your project, output it in another place and run it from there. It means that relative paths might not be preserved. The resolve method will resolve paths relative to the root of your project.

For the generate method, given the slug, we find the corresponding entry in the posts.json file and get its "content". :

pages/posts.ts

import { 
    DataResponse, 
    EmptyResponse,
    GetPathsParams,
    PathList, 
    StaticHandlerContext, 
    RenderContext
} from "https://deno.land/x/frugal@0.9.6/mod.ts"

...

export async function generate({ path: { slug }, resolve }: StaticHandlerContext<typeof route>) {
    const postsAbsolutePath = resolve('pages/posts.json')
    const postsText = await Deno.readTextFile(postsAbsolutePath)
    const posts: Post[] = JSON.parse(postsText)

    const post = posts.find(post => post.slug === slug)

    if (post === undefined) {
        return new EmptyResponse({ status: 404 })
    }

    return new DataResponse<Post>(post)
}

...

Tip

Additionally to DataResponse, the generate function can return EmptyResponse when you wish to return a response without calling the render method. Here we use it to return a 404 without a body.

Here is the whole file pages/posts.ts after we are done :

pages/posts.ts

import { 
    DataResponse, 
    EmptyResponse,
    GetPathsParams,
    PathList, 
    StaticHandlerContext, 
    RenderContext
} from "https://deno.land/x/frugal@0.9.6/mod.ts"

export const route = '/post/:slug'

type Post = { 
    slug:string; 
    title: string; 
    content: string;
}


export async function getPaths({ resolve }: GetPathsParams): Promise<PathList<typeof route>> {
    const postsAbsolutePath = resolve('pages/posts.json')
    const postsText = await Deno.readTextFile(postsAbsolutePath)
    const posts: Post[] = JSON.parse(postsText)

    return posts.map(post => ({ slug: post.slug }));
}

export async function generate({ path: { slug }, resolve }: StaticHandlerContext<typeof route>) {
    const postsAbsolutePath = resolve('pages/posts.json')
    const postsText = await Deno.readTextFile(postsAbsolutePath)
    const posts: Post[] = JSON.parse(postsText)

    const post = posts.find(post => post.slug === slug)

    if (post === undefined) {
        return new EmptyResponse({ status: 404 })
    }

    return new DataResponse<Post>(post)
}

export function render({ data }: RenderContext<typeof route, Post> ) {
    return `<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <body>
        <h1>${data.title}</h1>
        ${data.content}
    </body>
</html>`
}

Using markdown

Having raw html inside json in our pages/posts.json file is not practical. Instead of having a "content" value, we could have a "file" value, giving a path to a markdown file. It would make editing content easier.

To do so, we write two markdown files with our content (/pages/hello-world.md and /pages/second-post.md) and update the pages/posts.json file :

pages/posts.json

[
    {
        "slug": "hello-world",
        "title": "Hello world",
        "file": "pages/hello-world.md"
    },
    {
        "slug": "second-post",
        "title": "Second post",
        "file": "pages/second-post.md"
    }
]

Previously, pages/posts.json contained a list of Post (title, slug and content). Now it contains a different type (title, slug and file) that we'll call Entry :

pages/posts.ts

...

type Entry = {
    slug: string,
    title: string,
    file: string
}

The getPaths method does not change (excepte for a change in type to use Entry), since the pages/posts.json still contains all slug that needs to be generated. But we need to change the generate method to read and compile the markdown file :

pages/posts.ts

...

import { marked } from "https://esm.sh/marked"

...

export async function getPaths({ resolve }: GetPathsParams): Promise<PathList<typeof route>> {
    const postsAbsolutePath = resolve('pages/posts.json')
    const postsText = await Deno.readTextFile(postsAbsolutePath)
    const posts: Entry[] = JSON.parse(postsText)

    return posts.map(post => ({ slug: post.slug }));
}


export async function generate({ path: { slug }, resolve }: StaticHandlerContext<typeof route>) {
    const postsAbsolutePath = resolve('pages/posts.json')
    const postsText = await Deno.readTextFile(postsAbsolutePath)
    const posts: Entry[] = JSON.parse(postsText)

    const post = posts.find(post => post.slug === slug)

    if (post === undefined) {
        return new EmptyResponse({ status: 404 })
    }

    const markdown = await Deno.readTextFile(resolve(entry.file))
    const content = marked.parse(markdown)
        
    return new DataResponse<Post>({ slug:post.slug, title: post.title, content })
}

We now have a small markdown file-based static blog, but it could be improved :

the pages/ directory is a mess of unrelated files (.ts files for pages, .json and .md for data). We could better organise the project by separating data and source files.
instead of having the posts.json file, we could have all our markdown files in a single directory, each with a front-matter for title and slug. The getPaths method would scan the directory, parse the front-matter of each file and output the liste of slugs

Our static blog only serves raw HTML for now. In the next section, we will add assets (js scripts and CSS) to our pages.